Page Introduction 5 Earthworms 14 Starfish 17 Sea-Anemones 18 Mollusks 19 Octopi 20 Crustacea 21 Hermit-Crabs 22 Horseshoe Crabs (Limulus) 24 Spiders and Insects 25 Spiders 25 Beetles 35 Wasps 36 Bees 43 Ants 48 Termites (“White Ants”) 54 Conclusion 55 No one doubts today that all Vertebrates, from the Fish to Man, possess more or less intelligence--namely, the power of forming memory associations and of learning by experience. But when we come to the study of Invertebrates (e. g., Insects, Spiders, Mollusks, Worms), we meet with much divergence of opinion among the authorities. Many competent investigators have been led to the conviction that the capacity to learn by experience, to form me…
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