Underscores “_” before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_ in the original text. Equal signs “=” before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold= in the original text. Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals. Illustrations have been moved so they do not break up paragraphs. Old or antiquated spellings have been preserved. Typographical and punctuation errors have been silently corrected. The list of works by Sir David Brewster has been moved form the first page to the end of the text. F.R.S., V.P.R.S., EDIN., M.R.I.A., F.G.S., F.R.A.S., ASSOCIATE OF THE IMPERIAL INSTITUTE OF FRANCE, HONORARY OR CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE ACADEMIES OF PETERSBURGH, VIENNA, BERLIN, COP…
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