Underscores “_” before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_ in the original text. Equal signs “=” before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold= in the original text. Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals. Illustrations have been moved so they do not break up paragraphs. Typographical and punctuation errors have been silently corrected. CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANT; PROFESSOR OF ACCOUNTING, SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY…
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