Underscores “_” before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_ in the original text. Equal signs “=” before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold= in the original text. Illustrations have been moved so they do not break up paragraphs. Old or antiquated spellings have been preserved. Typographical errors have been silently corrected but other variations in spelling and punctuation remain unaltered. Fractions have been changed from “d/d” format to single character fractions, e.g. 1/2 --> ½. However, unusual fractions cannot be converted and are left unchanged. If the unusual fraction occurs inside a table, then all fractions in that table retain the …
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