The Pragmatical Age—Spies always with us—Prehistoric Ages—Antiquity—Jurists and Spying—Morin's Views—Napoleon and Spies—Modern Spy's Characteristics—The Aristocrat as Spy—Teutons inferior to Latins—Women as Spies—The Salic Law—Mentality of Efficient Spy—Degeneracy of Spy—Good Education and Presence essential—Audacious rather than Courageous—Napoleon's Leniency towards Spies Spies and the Bible—The Jew as Spy—Polyænus and his Work—Mithridates his own Spy—Frontinus and _Stratagems_—Ruses of Lelius—Tarquin's Son—Military "Psychologising"—Alexander's Black Cabinet—Histiæus and Ionia—Carrier-Pigeons used by Ancients—Hannibal and his Spies—Cæsar's Use of Spies—Rome and Church Spies—Continental Sc…
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