Galen, born at Pergamos, 131 A.D., proved by experiments on animals that the brain is as warm as the heart, against the Aristotelian doctrine that the office of the brain is to keep the heart cool. He also proved that the arteries during life contain blood, not [Greek: pneuma], or the breath of life:-- "Ourselves, having tied the exposed arteries above and below, opened them between the ligatures, and showed that they were indeed full of blood."…
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