Gothic architecture the logical fulfillment of Romanesque--Origin of Romanesque architecture--Romanesque basilicas modified by the liturgy--Horrors of the IX and X centuries in France--Rebirth of the builders' energy after the year 1000--Cluny, the civilizing force of the X and XI centuries--Various regional Romanesque schools of France--Normandy, Burgundy, Auvergne, Poitou, Languedoc, Provence, and the Franco-Picard school--Birth of Gothic art--An undecided question where the first diagonal-crossing ribs were used--Germany's and Italy's claims--Claim of England--The Ile-de-France Picard region, the classic land of Gothic--Gothic architecture not a layman's revolt against monkish Romanesque-…
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