Phædro, Cappella, Maddalen’, Portio, Surnamed the Bolognese, the Volterrane .

Stanza ixii. lines 3 and 4.

“ Tommaso Inghirami , having performed with great ap plause the part of Phædra in Seneca’s Hyppolitus, was surnamed Fedro . He was a good Latin poet, and librarian to the Vatican. Erasmus says he was called the Cicero of his age.

“ Bernardino Cappella , praised as a good Latin poet by Glraldi.

“ Evangelista Fausto Maddaleni is mentioned as an elegant Latin poet by Giraldi, who says that he would have done more had not his wife left him little leisure for the muses.

“ Cammillo Oirzio , or de’ Porcari (not the historian), professor of literature, and a distinguished courtier of Leo X., who made him a bishop. He and Fedro are thus celebrated by Giovio:— ‘Interiit illa tota vetus disciplina rectè ac temperatè Latinas voces exprimendi et rotunda facundia orationes et carmina recitandi postquam T. Phædrus et Portius Camillus præclara Acad. Romanæ Lumina fato extincta optimas literas felicioris eloquentiæ huc orbatas reliquerunt.’

“ Filippo Beroaldo da Bologna the youngest, a Latin poet, and librarian to the Vatican, was surnamed the Bolognese. He died in 1518.

“There were two Maffei from Volterra, called each of them Volterrano— Mario and Raffaelle . I think Ariosto speaks of the former, as he, as well as most of those mentioned in this stanza, were members of the Roman Academy, and are praised by Sadoleto in one of his letters almost in the same order as they are mentioned by Ariosto.”— Panizzi .

Blosio, Pierio, Vida, famed for flow Of lofty eloquence of exhaustless vein; Mussùro, Làscari, and Navagèro, And Andrew Maro, and the monk Sevèro .

Stanza xiii. lines 5, 6, 7, 8.

“ Biagio Pallai , who, according to the fashion of the day, on entering the Roman Academy, had his vulgar name changed into the more classically sounding name of Blosio Palladio,was an elegant Latin poet, and one of the heads of the university of Rome, the Sapienza. He was secretary to Popes Clement VII. and Paul III., and in the name of the former he wrote the privilege for the corrected edition of Ariosto’s poem of 1532, dated mi the 31st of January of that year. He was elected bishop of Foligno by the latter of these popes. Ariosto mentions him as a friend in his satire addressed to Pistofilo, which begins

‘Pistofilo tu scrivi che se appresso,’

of which a translation by Lord Holland may be seen at the end of the fifth volume of this translation.

“ Giampetro or (as he was called afterwards) Pierio Valeriani was an adherent of the Medici. He enjoyed the favour of Leo X., was elected professor of literature by Clement VII., and then trusted with the education of Ippolito and Alexander de’ Medici, two pupils who did not great credit to their masters. Pierio was a good historian, an elegant Latin poet, and a very learned man.

“ Marco Girolamo Vida , bishop of Alba, whose poems Christiados, Scacchia Ludus, Ars Poetica, Bombices , are too well known to require any praise. He was called Virgilius redivivus; and, if any thing, he may be said to have been excessively Virgilian. His generous disposition rendered him very popular among the poor of his diocess.

“ Marco Musuro of Creta (whom Ariosto calls Musura in his satire addressed to Bembo), a pupil of John Lascari; a man of extensive learning, professor at the university of Padua, and archbishop of Malvasia. A few Latin epigrams only have survived him. Erasmus says that he was ‘Latinæ linguæ usque ad miraculum doctus: quod vix ulli Græco contigit.’

“ Giovanni Lascari of Constantinople fled to Italy on the conquest of that city by the Turks, and was educated at Padua. His extensive learning and amiable character rendered him a favourite of Lorenzo il Magnifico, Leo X., and Charles VIII., as well as Francis I. of France.

“ Andrea Navagero , not the historian of Venice, whose work was published by Muratori, R. I. S., vol. 22d, but a learned man, second to none in taste and elegance in his Latin verses, and who died at Blois in France on the 8th of May, 1529. He detested so much Martial’s poetry that he sacrificed every year to Vulcan a copy (some say more) of his epigrams. Six lines of this author may serve as a favourable specimen of his Latin poetry.

“ Andrea Marone ; a man who was never equalled for his facility of making good Latin verses impromptu, and whose genius is described by Giovio, who knew him, as incredibile, portentosum . The same historian, to give us an idea of the manner in which Marone made his extemporary verses, uses the following words: —‘Fidibus et cantu musas invocat; et quum simul conjectam in numeros mentem alacriore spiritu inflaverit, tanta vi in torrentis modum concitatus fertur, ut fortunâ et subitariis tractis ducta, multum ante provisa et meditata carmina videantur. Canenti defixi exardent oculi, sudores manant, venæ contumescunt, et, quod mirum est, eruditæ aures, tamquam alienæ ac intentæ omnem impetum profluentum numerorum exactissimâ ratione moderantur.’ He was mentioned by our poet, above, c. iii. st. 56, as equal to his namesake Virgil; and also in the satire to A. Ariosto and Baguo, which begins

Io desidero intendere da voi;

where the poet advises Marone to give up making verses and learn an art to please his eminence of Este, who disliked Ariosto because he was a poet.

“The Monk Severo . Perhaps Severo Varino, called also Severo da Piacenza, or da Firenzuola, a learned Benedictine; or Severo da Volterra, a Benedictine also, and a poet, among whose MSS. there were sonnets addressed to Ariosto, as Porcacchi informs us.”— Panizzi .

Lo! two more Alexanders! of the tree Of the Orològi one, and one Guarìno: Mario d’ Olvìto, and of royalty That scourge, divine Piètro Aretìno. I two Giròlamos amid them see, Of Veritàde and the Cittadino; See the Mainàrdo, the Leonicèno, Panizzàto, Cèlio, and Teocrèno .

Stanza xiv.

“ Alessandro Orologi , a gentleman from Padua: (Fornari). I know nothing more of him.

“ Alessandro Guarini , secretary to the duke of Ferrara. He published an edition of Catullus corrected by his father, with notes of his own.

“ Mario Equicola d’Alvito (and not Olvito, as all the editions of Ariosto say) took his name from the place of his birth. He wrote a history of Mantua, a treatise on poetry, and another on the nature of love. He was secretary to Isabella d’Este, Marchioness Gonzaga of Mantua, of whom Ariosto makes a splendid panegyric, canto xiii. st. 59, et seq., to her husband Francis, and to her son Frederick, with whom Mario was besieged in Pavia. Calcagnini describes him as ‘manu strenuum, lingua disertum, ingenio clarissimum.’

“ Pietro Aretino . The basest and most impudent wretch that ever lived, with neither talents nor honour. He called himself ‘divino’ and ‘flagello de’ principi,’ but none ever flattered them more barefacedly. He attacked in the most scurrilous manner all those from whom he had nothing to fear. He took his name from Arezzo, his native place, being a bastard. His father was, it is said, Luigi Bacci. The following epitaph was considered appropriate to his merits:

“ Girolamo Verita is said to have been an elegant poet, and a man fond of scientific pursuits. Giovio says, ‘Laudatur in Veriteii Veronensis carmine nitidissimus candor, atque in omnem semper partem diffusus et æquabilis.’

“ Girolamo Cittadino was a friend of Bembo, who, in a letter, praises two sonnets of his. He lived at Ferrara, as I learn from Bandello, iu the service of Ippolita Sforza, mentioned above, stanza 4. Giovio praises him as a good Latin poet.—‘Hieron. Cittadinus Insuber poemata sua odoratis atque venereis floribus mollissimè conspergit.’

“ Niccolo Leoniceno , a distinguished physician, of great learning, an elegant writer of Latin verses, when young, and of a most pure life. He was one of the first who dared to question the authority of Pliny, and died, 96 years old, at Ferrara, in 1524.

“ Giovanni Manardi (not Mainardi, as is erroneously printed in all Ariosto’s editions), a physician of note. He travelled much, and was one of the first who boldly appealed to reason and observation instead of authority, as may be seen from the first of his Epistularum Medicinalium , already quoted. Calcagnini wrote to Erasmus that he was ‘vir Græcè et Latinè doctissimus. Scripsit plurima digna immortalitate; sed vir minime ambitiosus ea rondum pubblicam materiam fecit: hoc superstite, minus Leonicenum desideramus.’

“ Benedetto Tagliacarne , or Teocreno (as he chose to call himself), was named tutor to the son of Francis I. of France, who appointed him to the bishopric of Grasse. Teocreno had spoken slightly of Erasmus; and hence we may understand why Olivarius called him a pedant. He generally is considered to have been a learned man.

“ Celio Calcagnini , a learned man, but an affected writer, highly esteemed by Erasmus. Before Copernicus published his astronomical system in 1543, Calcagnini published a book to demonstrate ‘quod cœlum stet, terra autem moveatur.’ Having followed the cardinal of Este to Hungary, he was appointed professor of literature at Ferrara on his return; whilst Ariosto, who did not like to go, lost his eminence’s good graces. In the satire addressed to A. Ariosto and Bagno, quoted above, the poet relates it himself, and adds, that he cares not for the cardinal preferring Marone and Celio to him. Calcagnini is also praised above, canto xlii. stanza 90. These reasons make me think that it was Celio Calcagnini, and not Cello Richeri from Rovigo, who took the name of Celio Rodigino, a learned man also then living, of whom Arlosto speaks here. This Celio had been a pupil of Leoniceno, and was then professor of literature at Ferrara.

“ Niccolò Maria , or Mario Panizzato , of Ferrara; a poet of some note, according to Giraldi. He was professor of literature in that city, and it has been said that Ariosto studied under him.”— Panizzi .

Bernardo Capel, Peter Bembo here I see, through whom our pure, sweet idiom rose, And who, of vulgar usage winnowed clear, Its genuine form in his example shows. Behold an Obyson, that in his rear Admires the pains which he so well bestows. I Fracastòro, Bevezzàno note, And Tryphon Gabriel, Tasso more remote .

Stanza xv.

“ Bernardo Capello , a Venetian nobleman, and a pupil of Bembo. He was iniquitously banished by the Council of X. on account of his freedom of speech in the senate—‘numquam suspicatus,’ as very properly Egnazio says, ‘ut in liberâ civitate, nimia libertas sibi officere posset.’ He went to Rome, where he was very well received by Cardinal Farnese, and died an exile. His lyric poetry is excellent. He was a poet, not a timid imitator of Petrarca. Giovio mentions a Carlo Capello of whom I never heard; and perhaps it is a mistake in the name:—‘Carolum Capellium nobilem Venetum, qui Græcè etiam profecit, generosum poetam evadere perspicimus.’

“ Pietro Bembo , a Venetian, whose family ranked among the very first of that proud republic. He was a learned and accomplished man, of a kind and amiable disposition. He wrote the most Ciceronian Latin, and his name stands very high in the annals of Italian literature. He deserves more credit for the patronage which he granted to literature than for his own works. He was, with Sadoleto, secretary to Leo X.; and to this excellent colleague he owed his cardinalship, as it was only by his intercession that Paul III. was induced to pass over Bembo’s juvenile levities. He was then bishop, first of Gubbio, and afterwards of Bergamo. Capello and Bembo were mentioned above, canto xxxvii. stanza 8; and Bembo again, canto xlii. stanza 86. To him Ariosto addressed the satire which begins

‘Bembo, io vorrei com’ è il comun desio;

and also a very curious and interesting Latin elegy, beginning

‘Me tacitum perferre meæ peccata puellæ?’

“ Gaspar Obizzi , a friend of Bembo, who addressed to him his 58th sonnet, praising his poetry. I do not know whether he was the one who married Ginevra Malatesta, mentioned above, stanza 5.

“ Girolamo Fracastoro , whose name is well known as that of a man who in his Latin poem De Morbo Gallico vied with Virgil. Fracastoro was, moreover, a great physician, zoologist, astronomer, and geographer. He is said to have been the first to use a kind of telescope to observe the stars. He was highly respected and esteemed by all those who knew him for his kind and generous disposition.

“ Agostino Bevazzano }, or Beazzano , a great friend of Bembo, who introduced him to Leo X., by whom he was patronised. He was an indifferent Italian poet, but wrote very elegant Latin verses.

“ Trifon Gabriello , of a patrician family of Venice, is celebrated as a learned and upright man. Of him was said by Valiero, his countryman, ‘Gabriela familia Venetum Socratem peperisse existimatur Tryphonem.’ Speroni, alluding to this surname, says, ‘Che a guisa di Socrate non iscrisse mai cosa alcuna, ma insegnava ciò che sapeva.’ A sonnet of his to Bembo, which is printed, gives a poor opinion of his poetical talents. Berrnardo Tasso confesses himelf highly indebted to his suggestions respecting his poem Amadigi .

“ Bernardo Tasso , father of Torquato; a distinguished lyric poet, peculiarly soft and sweet, and the author of a romanesque poem, The Amadigi , in 100 cantos, in which he tried to surpass Ariosto. Although he failed in this, the work is full of poetry. The Furioso , The Innamorato , the Morgante , and The Amadigi , are the best poems of this class. The first and last distant ‘longo intervallo’ no doubt.”— Panizzi .

Upon me Nicholas Tièpoli And Nicholas Amànio fix their eyes; With Anthony Fulgoso, who to spy My boat near land shows pleasure and surprise. There, from those dames apart, my Valery Stands with Barignan, & c .

Stanza xvi. lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

“ Niccolo Tiepolo , of a patrician family of Venice, was honoured by Pope Julius II., who conferred upon him the degree of doctor with his own hands, as, according to Bembo, in a letter to the duchess of Ferrara, the famous Lucrezia Borgia, he had given proofs ‘d’essere il più valente disputante e filosofo che per avventura in Italia oggi sia.’ Giovio wrote, ‘Floret Venetiis pulcherrimorum carminum laude illustri ac elaboratus Teupulus.’

“ Niccolo Amanio (not Ammanio, as it is erroneously printed in all modern Ariosto’s editions) is mentioned by Bandello in his first novel, who calls him ‘dotio Dottore e soavissimo poeta;’ and Giovio praised in him ‘pressum et floridum dicendi genus.’

“ Antonio Fulgoso , or Fregoso , or Campofregoso , of a patrician family of Genoa, and whose relation, Federigo Fulgoso, was mentioned in so friendly and playful a manner by Ariosto, canto xlii. stanza 20. Antonio wrote some Latin verses now forgotten, and was surnamed Fileremo , on account of his fondness of seclusion.

“ Giovanni Francesco Valerio , an illegitimate son of a nobleman of the patrician family Valerio of Venice. He was a prelate, and was put to death as a traitor to his republic, for having bribed the secretaries of the senate, and communicated the secrets of the state to the Turks. A volume of tales which he wrote was never published, and I consider it fortunate for young readers, as one may deduce from the story of Fiammetta the merit of which Ariosto attributes to him. See canto xxvii. stanza 137, and canto xxviii. stanza 78. Giovio praises him as a poet: ‘Valerius cum in versis tum in amatoriis dissertationibus elegans, acutus, salsus.’ He was a favourite with the great and the literati his cotemporaries.

“ Pietro Barignano , a poet, of whom Giovio said, ‘Laudatur . . . . Barennianus e Brixiâ uti circumscriptus, suavis, et floridus.’ Why he kept aloof from the ladies, ‘not to be still a martyr to their charms, may be learned from Fornari.”— Panizzi .

Of high and superhuman genius, tied By love and blood, lo! Fico and Pio true; . . . . . . . . . . He is the man I so desire to view, That Sannazàro .

Stanza xvii. lines 1, 2, 6, 7.

“ Gian Francesco Pico , lord of Mirandola, son of the famous Giovanni Pico, had as much talent as his uncle, and used it much better. He was one of the most learned men of his days, and highly esteemed by his contemporaries.

“ Alberto Pio , lord of Carpi, son of a sister of Giovanni Pico, aunt of Gian Francesco. He was a learned man, and a great patron of literature. His name is connected with that of Erasmus, on account of a theological dispute which took place between them. He was accused of having excited Leo X. to make war on the duke of Ferrara, who eventually succeeded in depriving Pio of his dominions. It is remarkable that Ariosto, living at the court of Ferrara, could so nobly praise Pio, who appears to have been a great friend of his. To him is addressed Ariosto’s carmen ,

‘Alberte, proles inclyta Cæsarum;’

and also another on the death of his mother:

‘Fama tuæ matris crudeli funere raptæ,’

where Ariosto uses the comparison to be read in the Furioso, canto i. stanza 69. I here transcribe the verses, that the scholar may compare Ariosto’s Italian and Latin style.

“ Jacopo Sannazarro , who, on entering the academy of Pontano, changed, according to the fashion of the day, his christian name for that of Azzio Sincero. He was one of the first, about the end of the fifteenth century, who returned to the elegance and sweetness of Petrarca’s language. He wrote eclogues, some describing the life and costumes of shepherds, some of fishermen;—but we must remember he spoke of fishermen in the Bay of Naples. He was equal to Vida, and some even say to Fracastoro in his Latin poems, of which that De Partu Virginis is the most celebrated, and very justly so. He died in 1530, and his sepulchre not being far from that of Virgil, Bembo wrote on him the following epitaph:—

— Panizzi .

The learned Pistòphilus, mine Angiar here, And the Acciajuòli their joint pleasure show That for my bark there is no further fear. There I my kinsman Malaguzzo know; And mighty hope from Adoardo hear, &c .

Stanza xviii. lines 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

“ Bonaventure Pistofilo , secretary to the duke of Ferrara, a patron of literature, and a poet, to whom, Giovio says, ‘molliores musæ delicata ubera præbuerunt.’ To him Ariosto addresses one of his satires, as I have observed.

“ Pietro Martire d’Anghiari , or d’Anghiera , was a celebrated traveller and historian. Here, however, I suppose Ariosto spoke of Girolamo Angeriano, whom Giovio says, ‘Amatoria judiciis hominum famæ commendata celebrem fecerunt.’

“ Pietr’ Antonio and Jacopo Acciajuoli are highly praised by Giraldi; Jacopo more particularly, whose Latin verses were also the subject of Calcagnini’s encomiums. They were of a Florentine family, but had settled at Ferrara.

“ Annibal Malaguzzi , from Reggio in Lombardy, where the family still exists, was Ariosto’s first cousin, since Daria, sister of Valerio Malaguzzi, was the poet’s mother. He was an intimate friend of Ariosto, who addressed to him the satire, ‘Poi che Annibale intendere vuoi come;’ and the other, ‘Da tutti gli altri amici, Annibal, odo.’

“Of this Adoardo I know nothing.”— Panizzi .

Joys Victor Fausto; Tancred joys to view .

Stanza xix. line 1.

“ Vittor Fausto succeeded Musuro as professor of Greek, and was, moreover, famous for having invented a ship of a large size, properly a galley called quinquereme , of which a description may be found in a letter of Bembo to Barrusio, May 29th, 1529.

“ Angiolo Tancredi was professor at the university of Padua, and an intimate friend of Francesco Negro, also a professor there, who afterwards went to the court of the Cardinal d’Este, to whom the Furioso is dedicated.”— Panizzi .

As looked old Ægeus at the accursed board .

Stanza lix. line 1.

“Egeus, king of Athens, being on his travels entertained at the house of Pittœus, in Trezene, had an intrigue with Etra his daughter, and when he departed left with her his sandals and sword, charging her, if she should be brought to bed of a boy, to send him to Athens with these tokens. She was afterwards delivered of Theseus, who being grown op, took the sword and sandals, deposited with Etra by his father, and went to Athens, where he found all the city in confusion by the machinations of Medea, who, at the arrival of Theseus, made him suspected by Egeus, and persuaded the king to destroy him at a banquet by poison; but fortunately, as the youth reached out his hand to receive the cup, Egeus perceived his sword, and embracing him, acknowledged him for his son.”— Hoole .

Joys Clermont’s, joys Mongrana’s noble house .

Stanza lxvii. line 1.

Mr. Panizzi seems to be of opinion that Ariosto considered Mongrana as the same as Risa, or Reggio. Mongrana, or Reggio, then was the house of Rogero, and Clermont the house of Bradatnant.

But when by treachery perished Priam’s heir .

Stanza lxxxii. line 1.

“Ariosto, with the romantic writers in general, whenever the siege of Troy is alluded to in his poem, gives the story a partial turn in favour of the Trojans, from whose great hero Rogcro is said to derive his origin. In the xxxivth Book, he makes St. John impute the account given by Homer of the Grecian heroes and heroines to the venality of the poet. He always speaks of the death of Hector as brought about by treachery. To this we may observe, that our great countryman, Shakspeare, whose materials are often drawn from popular stories, particularly from an old story hook of the siege of Troy, has, in his Troilus and Cressida, represented the characters of the Trojans superior to the Greeks, and has made Achilles kill Hector at an unfair advantage.”— Hoole .

There left it to King Proteus, Egypt’s lord, In ransom for his prisoned wife restored .

Stanza lxxxii. lines 7 and 8.

“Ariosto here alludes to a story of Helen told by Herodotus, that Paris, returning with Helen from Troy, was received by Proteus king of Egypt, who afterwards sending away Paris, detained Helen, with all her treasure, at his court; and Ariosto here relates, that she was ransomed by Menelaus for this tent, which he gave to Proteus.”— Hoole .

Here the three Graces in gay vesture gowned Assisted the delivery of a queen .

Stanza lxxxv. lines 1 and 2.

“Leonora of Arragon, daughter of Ferdinando king of Naples, to whom the poet here gives the title of queen, married to duke Hercules I. by whom she had Hippolito of Este, Ariosto’s patron, whose birth is here celebrated.”— Hoole .

Deputed by Corvinus to desire The tender infant from his princely sire .

Stanza lxxxvi. lines 7 and 8.

“Beatrice, sister of Leonora, and wife of the great Matteo Corvino king of Hungary, being without children, sent for young Hippolito from his parents; who, arriving in Hungary, was received by the king with every mark of esteem and affection: He afterwards made him archbishop of Strigonia, before he was eight years of age. Ludovico Sforza, called Il Moro, the duke of Milan, who had married Beatrice, the sister of Hippolito, hearing of his great virtues, procured for him the bishopric of Milan; after which, being very young, he was created cardinal, and taken to assist him in the government.”— Hoole .

There Fuscus, &c .

Stanza lxxxix. line 4.

“Tommaso Fusco, first tutor to Hippolito, and afterwards his private secretary. Cœlio Calcagnino dedicated to him his translation of Lucian.”— Hoole .

In this part is the princely youth espied With that unhappy duke, the Insubri’s head .

Stanza sciv. lines 1 and 2.

“Ludovico Sforza, duke of Milan, deposed by Louis XII.”— Hoole .

Upon those figures gazed the courtly crew .

Stanza xcviii. line 1.

“In the old poem of Aspramonte , is a description of the bridal bed of Rogero and Gallicella, the father and mother of our Rogero, from which, possibly, Ariosto might take his hint for the pavilion and bed here described. See Aspramonte , c. x.”— Hoole .

To font Of fetid Acheron, and hell’s foul repair, The indignant spirit fled .

Stanza cxl. lines 5, 6, 7.

Vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras.

Ariosto is particularly happy (as it appears to me) in this his last imitation, in which he has added the point of Virgil to the more satisfactory conclusion of the modern novellist. He leaves his readers satisfied. Would I could entertain such a hope, on thus finishing my task!

Layout 2

AN

INDEX

OF

ALL THE PROPER NAMES, WITH THE PRINCIPAL MATTERS, CONTAINED IN THE ORLANDO FURIOSO.

The first number (as VIII.) refers to the volume, the second (xliii.) to the canto, and the third (71) to the stanza.

Adonio , the lover of Argia; his story, VIII. xliii. 71.

Agramant. Winter being over, assembles his troops in the field, and appoints new captains, III. xiv. 10. Makes preparations to attack Paris, III. xiv. 65. Storms Paris, assisted by Marsilius and Rodomont, III. xiv. 109. Attacks one of the gates in person, III. xv. 6. Engages in the battle, III. xvi. 75. Is overthrown by Rinaldo, III. xvi. 84. Remounts on horseback, III. xviii. 40. Being routed, withdraws to his encampment, III. xviii. 157. Sends messengers to recall the captains and private knights to their standard, IV. xxiv. 108. Routs Charles and besieges him once more, V. xxvii. 30. Endeavours to compose the discords of the knights, V. xxvii. 44. Declares Rodomont to be in the wrong, V. xxvii. 109. Orders two quarrels to be settled by one fight, V. xxx. 21. Attacked by Rinaldo in the night-time, is defeated, VI. xxxi. 54. Leads many of his people out of the intrenchments, VI. xxxvi. 25. Having heard that Africa is attacked by the Nubians, orders a council of war to be assembled, VI. xxxviii. 38. With a solemn oath, puts the whole decision of the war upon a single combat, VII. xxxviii. 85. Breaks the agreement, and attacks the Christian army, VII. xxxix. 6. Being conquered, orders the bridges on the Rhone to be broken down, and flies to his fleet, VII. xxxix. 71. Meets with Dudo’s fleet, VII. xxxix. 80: and hardly escapes from it with a few followers, VII. xl. 8. On seeing the destruction of Biserta is about to kill himself, VII. xl. 36. Driven by fortune to a small island, VII. xl. 44. Being encouraged by Gradasso and Sobrino, sends a challenge to Orlando and two other knights, VII. xl. 54. Refuses the conditions offered to him by Orlando, VII. xli. 42. Fights with Oliviero, VII. xli. 71. With Brandimart, VII. xli. 91. Is killed by Orlando, VII. xlii. 8.

Alcina—Catches fish without a net, I. vi. 38. Falls in love with Astolpho, I. vi. 38. Changes her lovers into wild beasts and plants, I. vi. 51. Keeps different monsters as her servants, I. vi. 65. Her borrowed beauty described, II. vii. 11. She enamours Rogero, and intrigues with him, II. vii. 18. Her deformity, II. vii. 73. She goes with a fleet to recover Rogero, II. viii. 13. Fights a battle with Logistilla, and is defeated, II. x. 53.

Aldigiero, the brother of Malagigi, V. xxv. 71.

Angelica—Given in charge to Duke Namus by order of King Charles; having seen the rout of the Christians, flies alone, I. i. 8, 9. She meets first Rinaldo, then Ferraù, I. i. 11. Finds Sacripant and takes him for her guide, I. i. 38. Flying anew, she meets with a hermit, who falls in love with her, I. ii. 12. By a charm she is transported by sea into a desert, where she is tempted and embraced by him, II. viii. 30. She is taken while asleep by some pirates of the Isle of Ebuda, II. viii. 61. Is exposed naked as food to the ork, II. x. 94. Is released by Rogero, II. x. 107. She retrieves her ring, which frustrates enchantments; she escapes from Rogero, who would force her, II. xi. 6. She enters the palace of Atlantes, where she shows herself to Sacripant, Ferraù, and Orlando, II. xii. 26. She carries off Orlando’s helmet in sport, II. xii. 52. Overtaken by Ferraù, she leaves the helmet to him, II. xii. 38. She sets out for the east, II. xii. 65. Cures Medoro, who is wounded, and takes him for her husband, IV. xix. 20. She gives a shepherd the gold ring, of which Orlando had made her a present, IV. xix. 40. Overtaken by Orlando, who had gone mad, she with difficulty escapes from him, V. xxix. 61.

Anselmo, a doctor of law, a story, VIII. xliii. 72.

Aquilant fights with Orrilo, III. xv. 67. Goes to Jerusalem with Astolpho, III. xv. 92. Departs from Jerusalem to go in search of Gryphon, III. xviii. ?2. Meets Martano with Origilla and takes them bound to Damascus, III. xviii. 76. Unhorsed by Astolpho, III. xviii. 118. Encounters a storm at sea, together with Marphisa, Astolpho, and Sansonet, IV. xix. 43. They are driven into the port of Alexandria, and from thence to the city of the Amazons, IV. xix. 57. Is made a prisoner at Pinabello’s castle, IV. xxii. 53. Hears from Flordelice of Orlando’s madness, VI. xxxi. 42. Rinaldo and Aquilant go together to the camp and rout the Moors, VI. xxxiv. 2.

Argalia—his spirit speaks to Ferraù, I. i. 29.

Argia, a story, VIII. xliii. 87.

Ariodantes, the lover of Ginevra, I. v. 18. Goes with the army of England and with Rinaldo into France, II. x. 75.

Astolpho, transformed into a myrtle by Alcina, I. vi. 26. Restored to his former shape, recovers his golden spear, and being mounted on the hippogryph, repairs to Logistilla, II. viii. 18. Instructed by Logistilla, who gives him a small book and a wonderful horn, he sets sail in a galley, when Andronica imparts to him sonic knowledge of modern navigation, III. xv. 10. Blowing his horn he makes Caligorant fall into his own net, III. xv. 53. Fights with Orrilo and kills him, III. xv. 81. Visits the Holy Land, III. xv. 92. Going towards Damascus with Sansonetto he joins Marphisa, III. xviii. 96. Unhorses Gryphon and Aquilant, III. xviii. 118. Takes the way towards France with his companions, III. xviii. 133. By good luck is transported to the island of the Amazons, III. xix. 54. Delivers himself and his companions from them, IV. xx. 88. Returns to England, IV. xxii. 10. Destroys the enchanted castle of Atlantes, and finds the hippogryph there, IV. xxii. 21. Leaves Rabican to Brandimart, and flies away on the hippogryph, IV. xxiii. 11. Scowering many countries, he arrives in Ethiopia at the palace of Prester-John, and drives away the harpies, VI. xxxiii. 103. Descends to the infernal regions, VI. xxxiv. 6. Ascends to the terrestrial paradise, where St. John shows him various things, and gives him the senses of Orlando inclosed in a phial. Here he also recovers a part of his own, VI. xxxiv. 62. Having descended from paradise he restores the power of sight to Prester-John; shuts up the wind in a skin; converts stones into horses; then overruns Africa with an army of Nubians, VII. xxxviii. 24. Defeats the Africans, exchanges Bucifar for Dudo, and having turned leaves into ships, sends him with a large fleet to France, V. xxxix. 21. Cures Orlando of his madness by the power of the phial, VII. xxxix. 57. Conquers Biserta by the advice of Orlando, VII. xl. 14. After the victory, sends the Nubians back to their country, and returns himself to France, VIII. xliv. 19.

Atlantes—steals beautiful women, I. ii. 38. Fights with Gradasso and with Rogero, I. ii. 48. A description of his castle made by enchantment, I. iv. 7. Of his horse the hippogryph, I. iv. 18. Fights with Bradamant, and is made her prisoner, I. iv. 28. He himself destroys his castle, I. iv. 38. Shows himself to Rogero under the shape of Bradamant, II. xi. 19. Under the shape of Angelica and Bradamant he draws into the enchanted castle Orlando, Rogero, and several knights, II. xii. 5. Flies from Astolpho, who destroys his enchanted palace, IV. xxii. 21. His spirit after death parts Rogero and Marphisa, showing that she is Rogero’s sister, VI. xxxvi. 59.

Aymon disturbs the intended marriage of his daughter Bradamant with Rogero, declaring that he had promised her to Leo, VIII. xliv. 36. Jointly with Beatrice takes Bradamant away from the court and sends her to Rocca Forte, VIII. xliv. 72. Entreats Rogero to accept him as his father-in-law, VIII. xlvi. 64.

Bardino brings up Brandimart, VII. xxxix. 40. Weeps at Brandimart’s death, VIII. xliii. 168.

Beatrice, the mother of Bradamant, VIII. xliv. 72.

Bireno enamoured of Olimpia, II. ix. 22. Is released from prison, II. ix. 81. He marries and abandons Olimpia; is deprived of his state and killed by King Oberto, II. xi. 79.

Bradamant, in search of Rogero, falls in with Pinabello, being betrayed by whom, she is precipitated into a cave, I. ii. 33. Led by Melissa to the tomb of Merlin, she sees the appearances of her descendants, I. iii. 10. She finds Brunello, I. iii. 75. Takes him for a guide and deprives him of his ring, having tied him to a tree, I. iv. 9. Fights Atlantes, conquers him, and frees Rogero and the other prisoners, I. iv. 28. Rogero being carried away through the air by the hippogryph, she sorrowfully leads away his Frontino, I. iv. 48. Alcina having got possession of Rogero, Bradamant gives the ring to Melissa that she may deliver him, II. vii. 45. She sets out to take Rogero away from the enchanted palace of Atlantes, and falls into the same delusion, III. xiii. 79. Having escaped from Atlantes’ palace she knows Rogero, and they rejoice greatly at meeting, IV. xxii. 31. She knows Pinabcllo, and kills him, IV. ii. 73. Having missed Rogero, she arrives at Montalbano, from whence she sends Frontino by a chambermaid to him, IV. xxiii. 27. Complains that the appointed lime being elapsed Rogero does not come; then becoming jealous of him, sets off from Montalbano in despair, VI. xxxii. 37. She unhorses the three kings who had boasted to carry off from France the golden shield to the Queen of Iceland, VI. xxxii. 75. She is declared handsomer than Ulania, VI. xxxii. 98. She again unhorses the three kings, VI. xxxiii. 69. Being conducted by Flordelice to Rodomont’s bridge, she jousts with him and unhorses him, VI. xxxv. 40. Arrived at Arles, she sends Frontino to Rogero and challenges him, VI. xxxv. 59. Unhorses Serpentine, Grandonio, and Ferraù, VI. xxxv. 67. Unhorses Marphisa, and in a rage spurs her hone against Rogero; then repairs with him to a lonely place, where Marphisa coming upon them, she again fights with her, VI. xxxvi. 20. She with Marphisa subdues the town of Marganor, giving him up to his female enemies, and establishing there new laws, VII. xxxvii. 99. Is grieved at the battle of her brother with Rogero, VII. xxxviii. 70. Follows Agramant with intention to kill him; sends one of her chambermaids to console Rogero, VIII. xliv. 60. Begs of King Charles that no person shall marry her that has not shown himself stronger than her, VIII. xliv. 70. Fights with Rogero thinking he is Leo, VIII. xlv. 71. She is married to Rogero, VIII. xlvi. 73.

Brandimart does every thing in his power for the defence of Paris, V. xxvii. 33. Embraces Flordelice, from whom he hears that Orlando is become mad, VI. xxxi. 61. Going in search of Orlando, fights with Rodomont at the bridge, and is made a prisoner, VI. xxxi. 67. Freed with the other prisoners by Astolpho, VII. xxxix. 33. Finds his Flordelice, VII. xxxix. 38. Hears of die death of his father and is called to his throne, but will not quit Orlando in the African war, VII. xxxix. 62. Leaps into Biserta, VII. xl. 25. Chosen by Orlando for his partner in battle, VII. xl. 58. Killed by Gradasso, VII. xli. 101. Buried by Orlando with great pomp, VIII. xliii. 176.

Branzardo, a viceroy of King Agramant’s, in Biserta, VII. xxxviii. 35.

Brunello offers himself as a guide to Bradamant, who ties him to a tree, and deprives him of his ring, I. iv. 9. Is taken by Marphisa, loses Agramant’s favour, V. xxvii. 89. Freed by Marphisa, is hanged by Agramant, VI. xxxii. 8.

Bucifaro, of Algazir, in Biserta, VII. xxxviii. 35.

Caligorant, a giant, III. xv. 43.

Charles, the emperor of France, I. i. 5. Sends Rinaldo to England, I. ii. 26. Is attacked, sustains the siege in Paris, III. xiv. 68. Encourages his people against Rodomont, VI. xvii. 14. Attacks Rodomont, VI. xvii. 16. Is defeated again, and besieged in Paris, V. xxvii. 17. Goes out to swear to certain conditions with Agramant, VII. xxxviii. 81. Makes the edict requested by Bradamant, VIII. xlv. 22.

Cloridano and Medoro go out of their encampment to find the corpse of Dardinello; slay a great many of the sleeping Christians, III. xviii. 171. Cloridano is killed by a knight of Zerbino, IV. xix. 15.

Cup, an enchanted one, to prove the chastity of wives, VII. xlii. 102.

Dardinello kills Lurcanio, III. xviii. 54. Is slain by Rinaldo, III. xviii. 152.

Defence of women, V. xxviii. 78.

Discord between Rodomont, Rogero, Gradasso, Mandricardo, and others, by which the victory of Agramant is interrupted, V. xxvii. 40.

Doralice declares that she prefers Mandricardo to Rodomont, at which the latter leaves the camp, V. xxvii. 107. Entreats Mandricardo not to fight with Rogero, V. xxx. 29.

Drusilla, her story, VII. xxxvii. 52.

Dudo redeemed by Astolpho, VII. xxxix. 24.

Duel between Rinaldo and Rogero, VII. xxxviii. 87. Between Bradamant and Rogero, supposed to be Leo, VIII. xlv. 72. Between Rogero and Rodomont, VIII. xlvi. 115.

Ferraù swears never to wear any helmet but that of Orlando, I. i. 30. Having found it, he returns to the camp, II. xii. 59.

Flordelice relates to Rinaldo that Orlando was become mad, VI. xxxi. 42. Finds Brandimart, and conducts him to the bridge of Rodomont, where he remains a prisoner, VI. xxxi. 45. She and Bardino find Brandimart, VII. xxxix. 38. She fears for Brandimart’s safety, VII. xli. 33. She dies, VIII. xliii. 185.

Flordespine, her story, V. xxv. 27.

Gabrina in a youthful dress, IV. xx. 115. Gives a false account of Isabella to Zerbino, IV. xx. 140. Takes a rich sash from the body of Pinabello, and accuses Zerbino of having been his murderer, so that he is put in prison and condemned to death, IV. xxiii. 42.

Ginevra, her story, I. v. 5.

Gradasso having found Bayardo, without regard to the agreement made with Rinaldo, and embarking with him in a galley, intends to return to his kingdom, VI. xxxiii. 93. Driven by a tempest to the Island of Lampedosa; consoles Agramant; and at last they prepare themselves to fight, hand to hand, with Orlando and two others, VII. xl. 46. He kills Brandimart, VII. xli. 101. Is slain by Orlando, VII. xlii. 11.

Gryphon leaves Aquilant to find Origilla, III. xv. 105. Is the conqueror at a joust in Damascus, III. xvii. 104. Is betrayed by Martano, III. xvii. 110. Being freed, shows wonderful prowess, III. xviii. 3; and III. xviii. 59. Is seized at Pinabello’s castle, IV. xx. 104.

Guido, the savage, meeting Rinaldo, and knowing him for his brother, goes with him to Paris, VI. xxxi. 13.

Hippalca relates to Rogero that Rodomont had taken Frontino from her, V. xxvi. 63. Delivers to Bradamant Rogero’s letter, V. xxx. 78.

Horses of Astolpho turned into stones, VIII. xliv. 23.

Jealousy, VI. xxxii. 1.

Iroldo in the castle of Atlantes, I. iv. 40.

Isabella in despair for the death of Zerbino, is overtaken by a hermit, who, exhorting her to patience, conducts her. to a monastery, V. xxviii. 95.

Leo, charmed with Rogero’s bravery, secretly takes him out of prison, and keeps him in his own house, VIII. xlv. 46. Having heard of the proclamation of Charles respecting Bradamant, persuades Rogero to fight in his place, and Rogero takes the battle upon himself, VIII. xlv. 53. Leo astonished at the courtesy of Rogero, renounces Bradamant, VIII. xlvi. 21. Presents Rogero to Charlemagne and obtains Bradamant for him, VIII. xlvi. 52.

Logistilla, her virtues, II. x. 45. She teaches Rogero how to master the hippogryph, II. x. 67. Gives Astolpho a book and a horn of wonderful power, III. xv. 13.

Lucina, her story, III. xvii. 29.

Lurcanio killed by Dardinello, III. xviii. 54.

Lydia, her story, VI. xxxiv. 11.

Madness of Orlando, V. xxix. 51.

Malagigi informs Rinaldo respecting Angelica, VII. xlii. 34.

Mandricardo goes in search of Orlando, who had routed his troops, III. xiv. 32. He possesses himself of Doralice, III. xiv. 32. Challenges Orlando and fights with him, IV. xxiii. 76. Fights with Rodomont for Doralice, IV. xxiv. 99. Thinking to make a prize of Marphisa, he unhorses her companions, then fights with her, but is interrupted in the middle of the combat, V. xxvi. 71. His death, V. xxx. 67.

Marphisa joins Astolpho and Sansonetto, and they go together to the jousts in Damascus, III. xviii. 102. She discovers the arms that had been stolen from her by Brunello, takes them and throws the jousts into confusion, III. xviii. 108. Fights nine persons and kills them, but cannot destroy the tenth, who she is told is Guido the savage, IV. xix. 80. Quits Astolpho and his companions, IV. xx. 102. Undertakes to defend Gabrina, strips Pinabello’s lady of her clothes and dresses the old woman in them, IV. xx. 115. Unhorses Zerbino, IV. xx. 126. Fights a duel with Mandricardo, V. xxvi. 78. Presents herself with Bradamant to Charlemagne, and is baptized with pomp, VII. xxxviii. 10.

Martano steals the arms and ensigns of Gryphon, and sets himself up for the conqueror of the jousts, III. xvii. 110. Is taken with Origilla, who is condemned to prison, and he to be flogged, III. xviii. 92.

Melissa shows to Bradamant the forms of her descendants, I. iii. 23. Informs her how to deliver Rogero, I. iii. 66. By the power of her ring, Rogero discovers the false beauties of Alcina, and frees himself, II. vii. 70. She teaches Bradamant how to release Rogero from Atlantes’ castle, then gives her an account of some of her descendants, III. xiii. 48. In the shape of Rodomont, disturbs the conditions of the duel between Rogero and Rinaldo, in consequence of which the complete rout of Agramant follows, VII. xxxix. 4.

Merlin—two fountains of contrary power named from him, I. i. 78. His grotto and sepulchre, I. iii. 7.

Oliviero delivered by Dudo, VII. xxxix. 33. At the storming of Biserta, VII. xl. 21. At the fight of three against three in the Island of Lampedosa, VII. xli. 68. On the rock of the hermit who baptized Rogero and cured him, VIII. xliii. 186. In France with Orlando, Rinaldo, and the others, VIII. xliv. 26.

Olympia abandoned by Bireno in an island, II. x. 20. Her complaints, II. x. 25. She is exposed to the sea-ork, II. xi. 33. Her beauty, II. xi. 65.

Origilla, III. xv. 101.

Orrilo, a monster, III. xv. 65.

Orlando, his lamentation for the loss of Angelica, II. viii. 73. Sets out incognito from Paris with new bearings, II. viii. 91. Goes to the Isle of Ebuda, II. ix. 12. Kills Cymosco, II. ix. 86. Throws the arquebuss into the sea, II. ix. 91. Kills the ork, II. xi. 43. Delivers Olympia, II. xi. 45. Deceived by Atlantes, II. xii. 8. Meeting two squadrons of infidels, displays incredible prowess, II. xii. 69. Finds Isabella in a cave, II. xii. 90. Delivers Zerbino unjustly condemned to death, and restores Isabella to him, IV. xxiii. 62. Having heard the story of Angelica and Medoro, after much suffering, goes mad, IV. xxiii. 121. Arrives at Rodomont’s bridge, and fighting with him, they both fall into the water, V. xxix. 30. Restored to his senses, VII. xxxix. 60. Kills Agramant, VII. xlii. 8. Kills Gradasso, VII. xlii. 11. Returns in triumph to Paris with his companions, VIII. xliv. 28.

Pinabello informs Bradamant respecting the castle of Atlantes, I. ii. 37. Is overthrown by Marphisa, IV. xx. 115.

Richardetto is delivered from fire by Rogero, and proves to be his lady’s brother, V. xxv. 16.

Rinaldo sent by Charles to England to request the assistance of the king, I. ii. 26. Fights for the defence of Ginevra, I. v. 86. Kills Polinesso, I. v. 88. Arrived in Paris, exhorts his companions to fight. III. i. 32. Kills Dardinello, III. iii. l53. Going in search of Angelica, abandons the defence of Paris V. xxvii. 8. Fights with Guido the savage, VI. xxxi. 13. Routs the camp of Agramant, and is challenged by Oradasso; their fight is disturbed by a Moor, VI. xxxi. 89; and VI. xxviii. 7. Being delivered from a monster, embarks in order to be with Orlando in Lampedosa at the combat, VII. xlii. 57. Arrived at Lampedosa, congratulates Orlando upon his victory, VIII. xliii. 150. Rinaldo and Orlando meeting with Rogero and Sobrino at the cell of the hermit, he at the persuasion of the holy man promises Rinaldo’s sister to Rogero, VIII. xliv. 14.

Rodomont in Paris, III. xvi. l9. Hears from a dwarf the rape of Doralice, and full of jealousy, goes in search of Mandricardo, III. xviii. 211. Takes from Hippalca Rogero’s horse, IV. xxiii. 35. At the persuasion of a messenger of Agramant, puts off his combat with Mandricardo, and they go together to the relief of their camp, IV. xxiv. 113. Reaches the camp with Marphisa, Rogero, and Mandricardo, routs the army of Charles, and forces him to retire into Paris, V. xxvii. 30. Arrived at an inn, refreshes himself there, and asks the host if he is a married man, and what he thinks of his wife, V. xxvii. 134. Listens to a story in dispraise of women, V. xxviii. 4. Happening to meet Isabella, and falling in love with her, interrupts her pious intentions, V. xxviii. 109. Kills the hermit, who is her guardian, V. xxvi. 6. Being heated by wine, in order to make a trial of a certain enchanted water, destroys Isabella, V. xxix. 22. Orders a tomb to be erected for Isabella and Zerbino, and keeps watch upon it, V. xxix. 31. Arrives unexpectedly at the court of Charles during a royal banquet, and there challenges Rogero to single combat, VIII. xlvi. 105. Is killed by Rogero, VIII. xlvi. 11.

Rogero carried away by the hippogryph, I. iv. 46. Goes to Alcina’s city, I. vi. 70. Is stopped by monsters, I. vi. 60. Conquers Eriphila, II. vii. 6. Conquers Alcina by the brightness of the enchanted shield, II. viii. 11. Arrives in Logistilla’s kingdom, II. x. 43. Delivers Angelica, II. x. 110. Endeavouring to force her, she disappears through the virtue of her ring, II. xi. 6. Complains of her unkindness, II. xi. 8. Wishing to assist Bradamant, he is decoyed into Atlantes’ enchanted castle, II. xi. 17. Fights all the knights of Pinabello, and is conqueror by the power of the shield, and in indignation at his victory, throws the shield into a well, IV. xxii. 67. Delivers Richardetto from being burnt, and is apprised that he is a brother of his lady, V. xxv. 17. Writes a letter to Bradamant, V. xxv. 86. With Marphisa rescues Malagigi and Vivian from the hands of those of the house of Maganza, V. xxvi. 26. Led by Hippalca where Rodomont had taken his stand, fights with him for Frontino, V. xxvi. 117. Kills Mandricardo, V. xxx. 68. Endeavouring to part Bradamant and Marphisa, entices the latter to fight with him, VI. xxxvi. 51. Separates from Bradamant, VII. xxxvi. 83. Conquers Dudo, and delivers seven kings; going to Africa is shipwrecked, VII. xli. 4. Being nearly drowned, makes a vow to be baptized, and succeeds in getting to shore, where he is baptized by a hermit, VII. xli. 47. Quits Paris to go and kill Leo, and being arrived at the Save meets the army of Constantine, and fighting for the Bulgarians, routs and destroys it, VIII. xliv. 76. Is taken at Novengorod, and put in prison, then set at liberty by Leo, VIII. xlv. 5. Fights for Leo, conquers Bradamant, and retires into a desert, determined to die, VIII. xlv. 85. Marries Bradamant, and kills Rodomont, VIII. xlvi. 100, 140.

Sacripant is unhorsed by Bradamant, I. i. 62. Made prisoner by Rodomont, VI. xxxv. 54.

Sansonet in Jerusalem and Damascus, III. xviii. 97. In the castle of Pinabello, IV. xxii. 52. Goes to the relief of Paris, VI. xxxi. 51. To Africa to storm Biserta, VII. xxxix. 30.

Sobrino is cured by the care of Orlando, and baptized by the hermit, VIII. xliii. 194.

Tale of Richardetto and Flordespina, V. xxv. 50.

Ulania gives Bradamant an account of herself, the three kings, and golden shield, VI. xxxii. 50.

Virtues and praises of some princes, whose images Ariosto feigns to have been carved on one of Merlin’s fountains, V. xxvi. 34. Of Hippolitus of Este, VI. xxxv. 8.

Vivian, V. xxvi. 38.

Zerbino proves himself strong in fight, III. xvi. 59. Is enraged with the knight who wounded Medoro, IV. xix. 13. Is unhorsed, and forced to take the defence of Gabrina, IV. xx. 126. Unhorses and wounds Hermonides of Holland, who relates to him afterwards the wickedness of Gabrina, IV. xxi. 10. Gives the defence of Gabrina in charge to Odorico as a punishment, who is the cause of her being hanged, IV. xxiv. 40. Is mortally wounded by Mandricardo, IV. xxiv. 70. In dying he tries to console Isabella, IV. xxiv. 83.

Layout 2

DRAMATIS PERSONÆ

OF THE

ORLANDO FURIOSO.

Adonio , a knight of Mantua.

Agramant , Emperor of Africa, son of Trojano, son of Agolantes, who was also the father of Almontes, and Galaciella. The family descended from Alexander the Great.

Agricaltes , King of Ammonia.

Alardo , son of Aymon.

Alcabrun , the head of a Scottish clan of Highlanders.

Alcina , a fairy, Morgana’s sister.

Alda , wife of Orlando, daughter of Rinieri of Vienne.

Aldigiero , a bastard son of Buovo. See Malagigi.

Aleria , an Amazon, married to Guido the savage.

Alfeus , a physician and astrologer.

Almonio , a faithful follower of Zerbino.

Almontes , father of Dardinello.

Alteo , a Saracen.

Alzirgo , King of Tremisene.

Ambaldo , a Parisian.

Ammirante (or Lamirante ). Probably not a proper name, but a title, viz. the admiral . It is used speaking of a Spanish warrior.

Aymon , son of Bernard of Clermont, Duke of Dordona, father of Rinaldo, Alardo, Guicciardo, Bradamant, and Ricciardetto; and brother of Milo, the father of Orlando.

Analardo , Lord of Barcellona.

Androphilus , brother-in-law of Constantine, the Greek emperor.

Andronica , a follower of Logistilla.

Andropono , a priest.

————— , a Greek warrior.

Angelica , daughter of Galaphron, King of Catay, and sister of Argalia.

Angelino , of Bordeaux.

————— , a Christian knight.

Angioliero , ditto.

Angiolino , ditto (probably the same as Angelino).

Anselmo , Count of Altaripa, a Maganzese.

————— , of Stamford.

————— , of Flanders.

Antona . See Southampton.

Aquilant , brother of Gryphon, and son of Olivieri.

Aramon , of Cornwall.

Arbantes , son of Cimosco.

Archidantes , Count of Saragossa.

Ardalico , son of the Count of Flanders.

Argalia . See Angelica.

Argaliffa (or Largalifa ), a Spanish warrior.

Argano , leader of the troops from Libicana.

Argeo , a Servian knight, married to Gabrina.

Arimano , Duke of Somerset.

Ariodantes , an Italian knight at the court of Scotland, Duke of Albany.

Armano , Earl of Forbes.

Arnaldo , of Thoulouse.

Arralico , a Saracen.

Arundel , Earl of.

Astolpho , son of Otho, King of England, who was one of the sons of Bernard of Clermont, or Chiaramonte.

————— , King of Lombardy.

Athol , Earl of.

Atlantes , an enchanter, Rogero’s tutor.

Avino , one of Namus’s sons.

Avolio (or Avorio ), brother to the above.

Balastro , leader of the troops from Alzerbe.

Balifrontes , leader of the troops from Cosca.

Balinverno , an exiled sovereign. See Malgarino.

Baliverzo , the greatest rogue among the paynims. (Bojardo calls him King of Normandia —meaning, not Normandy in France, but the northern country from which the Northmen, or Normans came.)

Balugantes , leader of the troops from the kingdom of Leon, and Marsilius’s brother.

Bambirago , King of Arzilla.

Bardino , Brandimart’s attendant.

Baricondo , leader of the army from Majorca.

Bath , Bishop of.

Bavartes , one of Marsilius’s knights.

Beatrice , Aymon’s wife, daughter of Namus, and sister of Ermellina, married to Ogier the Dane.

Berkeley , Marquis of.

Berlinghiero , one of Namus’s sons.

Berta , Orlando’s mother, wife of Milo, then of Gano, and sister of Charlemagne.

Bertolagi , of Bayonne, a Maganzese.

Bianca , a fairy.

Bianzardin , leader of the troops from Asturias.

Bireno , Duke of Zealand.

Bogio , of Vergalle, a Christian knight.

Bradamant , daughter of Aymon and Rogero’s lady.

Brandimart , son of Monodantes, King of the distant Islands.

Branzardo , King of Bugia.

Bruna , a fairy.

Brunello , a thief, King of Tingitana.

Bucifaro , King of Algazera.

Buraldo , leader of the Garamanti.

Caico , King of Almansilla.

Calamidoro , of Barcellona.

Caligorant , a giant.

Carmondo , King of Damascus.

Casimiro , a Saracen.

Charlemagne .

Chelindo , of Aragon.

Cilandro , son of Marganorre.

Clarindo , King of Bolga.

Claudio dal Bosco .

————— , of Tours.

Clermont ( Chiaramonte ), family name of Bernardo, father of Aymon, &c.

Clodione , son of Fieramonte, King of the Franks.

Cloridano , from Tolomitta, a faithful follower of Dardinello.

Corebo , of Bilbao, a faithful follower of Zerbino.

Corimbo , from Agamia.

Corineo , King of Mulga.

Corrado , a German.

Costantine , Emperor of Greece.

Cymosco , King of Friesland.

Dalinda , a maid of honor of Ginevra, loved by Polinesso.

Dardinello , son of Almontes, King of Zumarra.

Derby , Earl of.

Desmond , Earl of.

Dicilla , one of Logistilla’s followers.

Dionysius , of Tours.

Doralice , daughter of Stordilano, King of Grenada; loved by Rodomont, but marries Mandricardo.

Dorchino , a Saracen.

Dordogne , one of the titles of Bradamant: “La Donna di Dordona.”

Doricont , one of Marsilius’s knights.

Dorifebo , leader of the Catalans.

Dorilone , leader of the troops from Setta.

Dorset , Earl of.

Drusilla , wife of Olindro of Lungavilla.

Dudo , son of Ogier the Dane.

Dulfin dal Monte .

Edward , Earl of Shrewsbury.

Elio dal Monte .

Erifilla , a giantess.

Ermante , Earl of Abergavenny.

Ermofilo , a knight from Damascus.

Ermonides , of Holland.

Errol , Earl of.

Essex , Earl of.

Etearco , a Saracen.

Falsirone , Marsilius’s brother, leader of the troops from New Castile.

Farurantes , of Maurina.

Ferrau (or Ferraguto, Ferracuto, Ferraute , and Ferrautte ), son of Falsirone, leader of the troops from Saragossa.

Fieramonte , Duke of York.

Filandro , a Dutch knight, in the service of Heraclius, the Greek emperor: loved by Gabrina, who forces him to marry her.

Finadurro , leader of the troops from the Canary Islands, and from Morocco.

Flordelice , daughter of Dolistone, and loved by Brandimart.

Flordespina , daughter of Marsilius.

Folicone (or Follicone , or Fulicone ), Count of Almeria, a bastard son of Marsilius, and one of his knights.

Folvo , King of Fiessa, or Fiersa.

Gabrina , wife of Argeo, then of Filandro.

Galaciella . See Agramant.

Galaphron , King of Catay.

Galerana (or Galeana ), daughter of Galafro, King of Spain, sister of Marsilius, and wife of Charlemagne.

Ganelone (or Gano da Pontieri ), the head of the race of Maganza.

Gardo , a Saracen.

Ginevra , daughter of the King of Scotland: marries Ariodantes.

Godfrey , Duke of Buckingham.

Gradasso , King of Sericana.

Grandonio , of Volterna, leader of the Algarbi.

Grillo , a Christian warrior.

Gryphon , brother of Aquilant.

Gualtiero , of Paris.

Guicciardo , son of Aymon.

Guido , the savage, a natural son of Aymon.

Henry , Duke of Clarence.

————— , Earl of Salisbury.

Hippalca , a confidential maid of Bradamant.

Jocondo Latini , a Roman.

Iroldo , a knight of Babylon.

Isabella , daughter of the King of Gallicia, married to Zerbino.

Isoliero , Lord of Pampeluna, son of Falsirone, leader of the troops from Navarre.

Ivone , King of Bordeaux, father of Clarice, Rinaldo’s wife.

Kent , Earl of.

Kildare , Earl of.

Labretto , Duke of.

Langhirano , a Spanish warrior.

Laodicea , Lord of.

Leo , son of the Emperor Constantine.

Leonetto , Duke of Lancaster.

Lewis , a Provençal.

Libanio , King of Constantina.

Logistilla , a fairy, Alcina’s and Morgana’s sister.

Lucina , daughter of Tibiano, King of Cyprus and Rhodes; wife of Norandino, King of Damascus.

Lurcanio , Earl of Angus, brother of Ariodantes.

Madarasso , leader of the soldiers from Malaga and Seville.

Maganza , the family title of a race of traitors, hence called Maganzesi .

Malabuferso , King of Fezano.

Malagigi , a famous enchanter, son of Buovo.

Malazur , a cunning Spanish warrior.

Malgarino , an exiled monarch, in Marsiglius’s court and army.

Malzarise , as above.

Mandricardo , Emperor of Tartary, son of Agrican.

Manilardo , King of Noritia.

Mar , Earl of.

Marbalusto , a giant, King of Orano.

March , Earl of.

Mark and MAtthew , two knights from the plains of St. Michel, near Paris.

Marphisa , an Indian queen, daughter of Rogero of Risa, and of Galaciella.

Margano , a Saracen.

Marganorre , a brutal tyrant.

Marsilius , King of Spain.

Martano , a great coward, loved by Origilla.

Mattalista , Flordespina’s brother, leader of the troops from Toledo, Calatrava, &c.

Medoro , a faithful follower of Dardinello; Cloridano’s friend; and, ultimately, Angelica’s husband.

Melissa , a witch or enchantress. (There are two.)

Merlin , a famous enchanter.

Mongrana , the family title of the descendants of Sinibaldo, uncle to Bernard of Clermont (Chiaramonte). They descended from Buovo d’Antona (Bevis of Southampton).

Moratto , an Irish chief.

Morgana , a fairy, Alcina’s sister.

Morgante , like Malgarino; whom see.

Moschino , who disliked water, and yet was drowned.

Mosco , of Arragon.

Namus , Duke of Bavaria.

Norandino , King of Damascus.

Norfolk , Duke of.

Northumberland , Earl of.

Oberto , King of Ireland.

————— , of Tours.

Odo , of Paris.

Odorico , a treacherous follower of Zerbino.

Ogier (or Uggero , the Dane), a paladin, married to Ermellina (or Armellina ), Namus’s daughter, from whom was born Dudon.

Oldrado , Duke of Gloucester.

————— , a Flemming.

Olimpia , a daughter of the Count of Holland: loved and betrayed by Bireno. She then marries Oberto. King of Ireland.

Olimpio dalla Serra . Ferrau’s favourite, a musician.

Olindro , of Lungavilla, Drusilla’s husband.

Oliviero , or Uliviero, of Burgundy: a famous paladin, son of Rinieri of Vienna, brother of Alda, and father of Gryphon and Aquilant.

Ombonno , a knight from Damascus.

Orghetto , a Maganzese.

Origilla , a coquette, loved by Gryphon.

Orlando , the famous paladin.

Ormida , the leader of the troops from Marmond.

Orrilo , an enchanted robber, living near the Nile.

Otho , King of England.

Oxford , Earl of.

Palidon , of Moncalieri.

Pembroke , Earl of.

Pinabello , son of Anselmo, Count of Altaripa.

Pinamonte , a Londoner.

Polinesso , Duke of Albany, Great Constable of Scotland.

Prando , a Norman.

Prasildo , a knight of Babylon.

Prusione , King of Alvaracchie.

Puliano , King of Nasamona.

Raymond , Earl of Devonshire.

Raymond , a Londoner.

Riccardo , a paladin.

Richard , Earl of Warwick.

Richardetto , son of Aymon.

Richardo , one of Aymon’s sons, according to Ariosto.

Richmond , Earl of.

Rimedontes , leader of the troops from Getulia.

Rinaldo , of Montalbano, son of Aymon.

Rinieri , of Vienne (in Dauphiny), son of Gherardo da Fratta.

Rodomont , son of Ulieno, King of Sarza and Algiers.

Rogero , son of Rogero of Risa, and of Galaciella: marries Bradamant.

Sacripant , King of Circassia.

Salamon , King of Little Britanny.

Salinterno , High-Marshal of the kingdom of Damascus.

Sansonetto , a knight, converted to Christianity by Orlando, Governor of Jerusalem.

Satallone , of Paris.

Seleucia , Lord of.

Sanapus , Emperor of Ethiopia.

Serpentino , son of Balugantes, leader of the troops from Gallicia.

Sidonia , Lord of.

Sobrino , King of Algoccio.

Sophrosina , a lady of Logistilla.

Soridano , King of Hesperia.

Southampton , Earl of.

Spinelloccio , a Norman.

Stordilano , King of Grenada.

Srtrafford , Duke of.

Suffolk , Earl of.

Tanacro , son of Marganorre.

Teodora , wife of Androphilus.

Tesira , King of Lisbon.

Tirse , a knight from Apamia.

Thrason , Duke of Mar.

Turpin , Archbishop of Rheims.

Uberto , of Mirford.

Ughetto , of Dordona.

Ugo , of Tours.

Ulania , a lady from Iceland.

Ungiardo , a Greek baron.

Vatrano , chief of the Bulgarians.

Viviano , son of Buovo.

Wales , Prince of, son of Otho.

William of Burnich.

Winchester , Karl of.

Zerbino , Duke of Rosshire, son of the King of Scotland.

Panizzi .

ERRATUM .

Page 123, stanza xiv. line ult. for King Charles’, read King Charles.

THE END

LONDON

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