One of the most distinctive phyletic lines among the diverse Neotropical hylid frogs is composed of a group of 40 species placed in the genus _Phyllomedusa_ (Funkhouser, 1957) or in two or three different genera (Goin, 1961; Lutz, 1966). These species differ from all other Neotropical hylids by possessing a vertical, instead of horizontal, pupil. The only other hylids having a vertical pupil belong to the Papuan genus _Nyctimystes_. Goin (1961) erroneously stated that _Nyctimantis_ and _Triprion_ have vertical pupils. Although limited information is available on the cytotaxonomy of hylids, the data show that phyllomedusine species have _n_=13 (2_n_=26) chromosomes. _Acris_ has _n_=11 (2_n_=…
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